# Ausgabe
print("Hello World")
 
# Bloecke mittels Whitespace
if True:
    print("A")
    print("B")
print("C")
 
# Auf andere Module zugreifen
import string
print(string.ascii_letters)
 
# Variablennamen
variable = 1
variable2 = 2
var_Var = 3
# nicht: 2variable
# interne Variablen mit Unterstrich
_variable = 4
 
# Standardtypen: int, float, bool, str, None
number = 1
num = int("12")
fract = 1.2
mybool = True
otherbool = False and False
mystr = "München \"Hallo\""
otherstiring = 'oasenu"oänuth'
longstring = """Eine
Geschichte
mit
Zeilenumbrüchen."""
var = None
 
# Listen
mylist = [1, 2, "orceuh", None, False]
# Länge
print(len(mylist))
# Zugriff
print(mylist[0])
print(mylist[1])
print(mylist[-1])
# Zuweisungen
mylist[2] = "krcho"
mylist.append("krcoh")
# Mitgliedschaftstest für Iterables
print(None in mylist) # True
print(mylist.index(None)) # 3
print(42 in mylist) # False
 
# Tupel (unveränderliche Listen)
mytupel = (
    1,
    2,
    None,
    False,
    "string",
)
# einelementige
oneelementtupel = (1,)
 
# dict
mydict = {'a' : 1, 'b' : 3, 'x' : 3}
print(mydict['a']) # kann Fehler produzieren
print(mydict.get('d')) # None
mydict['b'] = 5
mydict['e'] = 7
 
# Kontrollfluss
# if
mybool = True
if mybool:
    print("true")
elif mybool is None:
    print("none")
else:
    print("False")
 
myint = 8
if myint == 10:
    print("zehn")
 
emptylist = []
if emptylist:
    print("oh no")
else:
    print("yes")
# Konvertierung nach False: [], {}, None, "", 0, ...
 
# for Schleifen
mylist = [1, 2, "orceuh", None, False]
for i in mylist:
    print(i)
 
# in dicts wird ueber Schluessel iteriert
mydict = {'a' : 1, 'b' : 3, 'x' : 3}
for key in mydict:
    print(mydict[key])
 
# Zahlenbereich
for n in range(10):
    if n % 2:
        continue
    print(n)
 
# while-Schleife
condition = True
while True:
    if condition:
        break
 
mystring = "sonehu"
while mystring:
    print(mystring)
    mystring = mystring[:-1]
 
myarray = [0, 1, 2, 3]
print(myarray[1:2]) # [1]
 
# Funktionen
def myfun(n):
    if not n:
        return 1
    return n*myfun(n-1)
 
# optionale Parameter / Defaultwerte
def hello(mystr="World"):
    print("Hello {}".format(mystr))
 
hello() # Hello World
hello("World") # Hello World
hello("Krautspace") # Hello Krautspace
 
# Keyword-Parameter
hello(mystr="Krautspace") # Hello Krautspace
 
# Klassen
class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.counter = 42
 
    def print_counter(self):
        print(self.counter)
 
    # Don't do this at home
    # setter und getter sind nicht pythonic
    # Stichwort @property
    def set_counter(self, new_value):
        self.counter = new_value
 
instance = MyClass()
instance.print_counter()
print(instance.counter)
 
# Vererbung
class SecondClass(MyClass, object):
    pass
 
# list comprehension
mylist = [1, 2, "orceuh", None, False]
boxedlist = [[val] for val in mylist]
truelist = [val for val in mylist if val]